RankersHelp Teacher
CHAPTER – 3
METALS AND NON – METALS
GIST OF THE LESSON
Elements are classified broadly into two categories on the basis of properties: Metals: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Aluminium etc.
Non – metals: Chlorine, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur etc.
Apart from metals and non-metals some elements show properties of both metals and non – metals, e.g. Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium .They are called metalloids
Comparison of physical and chemical properties of metals and non – metals:-
| Sr. No. | Property | Metals | Non-Metals |
| 1 | Physical State | Metals are solid at room temperature. Except mercury and gallium. | Non-metals generally exist as solids and gases, except Bromine. |
| 2 | Melting and boiling points | Metals generally have high m.pt and b.pt except gallium and cesium. | Non-metals have low m.pt and b.pt except diamond and graphite. |
| 3 | Density | Generally high. | Generally low. |
| 4 | Malleability and Ductility | Malleable and ductile. | Neither malleable nor ductile. |
| 5 | Electrical and thermal conductivity | Good conductors of heat and electricity. | Generally poor conductors of heat and electricity except graphite. |
| 6 | Luster | Poses shining luster. | Do not have luster except iodine. |
| 7 | Sonorous sound | Give sonorous sound when struck. | Does not give sonorous sound. |
| 8 | Hardness | Generally hard except Na, K | Solid non-metals are generally soft except diamond. |
24
Comparison of Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals:-
| 1 | Reaction with Oxygen | Metal + Oxygen→ Metal oxide 4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s) 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Al2O3 Metals form basic oxides Zn and Al form amphoteric oxides (they show the properties of both acidic and basic oxides) Most of the metal oxides are insoluble in water Some of them dissolve to form Alkali Na2O(s) + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) | Non-metal + Oxygen → Non-metal oxide C + O2 → CO2 S + O2 → SO2 Non-metals form acidic oxides CO and H2O are neutral oxides(they are neither acidic nor basic in nature) Non metal oxides are soluble in water They dissolve in water to form acids SO2 + H2O → H2SO3 |
| 2 | Reaction with water | Metals react with water to form metal oxides or metal hydroxide and H2 gas is released. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH + H2(g) + heat | Non-metals do not react with water, steam to evolve hydrogen gas. Because Non-metals cannot give electrons to hydrogen in water so that it can be released as H2 gas. |
| 3 | Reaction with dilute Acids | Metal + Acid → Metal salt + Hydrogen HCl Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) 🡪 MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) H2SO4 2Na(s) + H2SO4 🡪 Na2SO4(aq) +H2(g) HNO3 Metal + HNO3 🡪 H2 gas is not displaced. Reason- HNO3 is strong oxidizing agent. | Non-metals do not react with acids to release H2 gas Reason Non-metals cannot loose electrons and give it to Hydrogen ions of acids so that the gas is released. Mn + 2HNO3 🡪 Mn(NO3)2 + H2 H2 gas from HNO3 |
| 4 | Reaction with salt solutions | When metals react with salt solution, more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its salt solution. CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s) 🡪 ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s) | When non-metals react with salt solution, more reactive non-metal will displace a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution. 2NaBr(aq) + Cl2(g) 🡪 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(aq) |
| 5 | Reaction | Metal + Chlorine 🡪 Metal | Non-metal + Chlorine 🡪 |
25
| with Chlorine | Chloride ionic bond is formed. Therefore Ionic compound is obtained. 2Na + Cl2 🡪 2NaCl | Non-metal Chloride covalent bond is formed. Therefore covalent compound is obtained. H2(g) + Cl2 🡪 2HCl | |
| 6 | Reaction with Hydrogen | Metals react with hydrogen to form metal hydride This reaction takes place only for most reactive metals. 2Na(s) + H2(g) 🡪 2NaH(s) | Non-metals react with hydrogen to form hydrides H2(g) + S(l) 🡪 H2S(g) |
Properties of ionic compounds
1. Physical nature:solid and hard due to strong force of attraction. (generally brittle)
2. Melting point and boiling point:have high M.P and B.P, as large amount of heat energy is required to break strong ionic attraction.
3. Solubility: soluble in water and insoluble in kerosene and pertrol.
4. Conduction of electricity:ionic compounds in solid state—–does not conduct electricity.
Reason—Ions can not move due to rigid solid structure. Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state.
Reason– Ions can move freely since the electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions are overcome due to heat.
Occurrence of metals.
It occurs in Earths crust, sea-water
Minerals 
Elements or compounds, occuring naturally Minerals that contain very high percentage in the earth‘s crust of a perticular metal and these metals can be extracted economically on a large scale. e.g Bouxite ore → Aluminium Haematite → Iron
26
27
PHYSICAL 
PROPERTIES ∙ Solid
∙ High M .P & B. P ∙ High density
∙ Malleable & ductile
∙ Good conductor of heat and electricity
MIND MAP
METALS
METALS AND NON – METALS 
NON
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ∙ Metal + O2 🡪 metal oxide 
∙ Metal + H2O 🡪metal
hydroxide
∙ Metal + dil. Acid 🡪salt + H2 ∙ Metal + Cl 🡪metal chloride ∙ Metal + H2🡪metal hydride
METAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ∙ Solid, liquid and gas 
∙ Not malleable & ductile
∙ Low M.P & B.P
∙ Poor conductor of heat
electricity
CHEMICAL 
PROPERTIES
∙ Non-metal + O2🡪 Non metal oxide
∙ Non-metal + steam🡪H2
∙ Non-metal + acid🡪no reaction
∙ Non-metal + chlorine🡪non metal chloride
∙ Non-metal +
28
METALS AND NON – METALS
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT I
Q.PAPER
MARKS-30 TIME- 70 MINUTES
Instructions:
∙ Questions : 1 to 5 – 1 Mark each
∙ Questions : 6 to 9 – 2 Marks each
∙ Questions : 10 to 13 – 3 Marks each
∙ Question 14 – 5 Marks
1) Which metal other than mercury is liquid at room temperature?
2) Why the item made of silver turns black when exposed to air?
3) Which non – metal is lustrous?
4) What is an amalgam?
5) What is the nature of oxides of metal?
6) Give reasons for the following:
a) Na, K and Ca metals form hydrides by combination with hydrogen gas, but most other metals do not.
b) Metals conduct electricity.
7) Write the equations for the reactions of:
a) Iron with steam.
b) Calcium and potassium with water.
8) What is activity series? How does it help us in predicting the relative reactivities of various metals?
9) What is the difference between sodium atom and sodium ion?
10
a) Write electron dot structure for sodium and oxygen.
b) Show the formation of Na2O by electron transfer.
c) What are the ions present in these compounds?
11) Write three properties of ionic compounds.
12) Explain how a metal low in the activity series can be extracted. Write suitable example.
13) Give reasons:
a) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
b) Sodium, potassium and lithium are stored under oil.
c) Aluminium is a highly reactive metal; still it is used to make utensils for cooking.
14) Name the following:
a) A non – metal that is a good conductor of electricity.
b) A metallic oxide which cannot be reduced by coke.
c) A metallic oxide which is amphoteric in nature.
d) A non – metallic oxide which is neutral.
e) Principal ore of aluminium.
HOTS QUESTIONS (SOLVED / UNSOLVED)
Q.1 a) What are amphoteric oxides? Choose the amphoteric oxides from amongst the following: Na2O, ZnO, Al2O3, CO2, H2O
b) Why is it that non metals do not displace hydrogen from dilute acid?
Ans. a) The oxides which are acidic as well as basic in nature are called amphoteric oxides. ZnO and Al2O3are amphoteric oxides.
b) Non metals can not loose electrons so that H+ions become hydrogen gas.
Q.2. What is anodizing? What is its use?
Ans. The process of forming thick oxide layer of aluminium oxide that makes it resistant to further corrosion.
Q.3. What is Aqua regia? What is its use?
Ans. It is a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated HNO3 in the ratio 3:1. It can dissolve gold and platinum.
Q.4. Give reason: Aluminium is highly reactive metal, but it is used to make utensils for cooking. Q.5. Explain why (a) Iron articles are frequently painted. (b) Iron sheets are coated with Zinc layer.
Q.6 On adding dilute HCl acid to copper oxide powder, the solution formed is blue – green. Predict the new compound formed which imparts a blue – green colour to the solution? Write its equation.
Q.7. Name the property of metal used in the following cases- (i) Aluminium foil (ii) Meta jewellery (iii) Cable wires (iv) Bells
Q.8. How can you prove that Zinc is more reactive than Copper?
Q.9. Draw and explain the electrolytic refining of impure Copper.
Q.10. Why is Aluminium extracted from Alumina by electrolytic reduction and not by reducing it with Carbon?
Q.11 Write 3 points of difference between Calcination & Roasting?
Q.12 Write 5 points of difference between Ionic compound and covalent compound. Q.13 What is thermit reaction? Give its one use.
Q.14 What is amalgam?
Q. 15 Magnesium when reacts with hot water, starts floating. Why?
FA II
METALS AND NON – METALS
ORAL QUESTIONS
1. Name the metal which is a liquid.
2. Name the non – metal which shows lustre.
3. Name the lightest metal.
4. Name the metal with highest density.
5. Name the property of the metals by virtue of which these can be beaten into sheets 6. Name the property of the metals by virtue of which these can be drawn into wires. 7. Name the material which is kept in water.
8. Name the metal used for galvanisation of iron.
9. Mercury is liquid and a good conductor of heat. How is this property utilized?
QUIZ – WHO AM I
1. I am a property of metals which appears at lower temperatures.
2. I am noble conductor of heat and electricity.
3. Though I get corroded in atmosphere but still find wide applications for making kitchen utensils.
4. I am a metal but very soft and cannot be kept in the open.
5. I am called a series and play a significant role when a metal reacts with solutions of other metal salts.
6. Scientists / Industrialists use me to extract metals profitably and economically. 7. I am a process to refine metals of high reactivity.
8. I am a process associated with wasting away of metals by the action of atmospheric gases and moisture
9. I am homogenous and not a compound though my formation least to altering the properties of metals involved.
10. We belong to the same category of elements but still combine to form molecules / compounds.
GIPHY App Key not set. Please check settings